Know more about semiconductors

1. Advantages of semiconductors  Here are some advantages of semiconductors which makes semiconductor useful in our everyday life.:

⇒⇒ Semiconductors have no requirement of filament heating so semiconductors device such as transistor takes place in almost all vacuum tube applications. Because of the filament vacuum tube requires heat for operation.

⇒⇒ Semiconductor devices are solid-state devices. So they are shockproof.

⇒⇒ Semiconductor devices are so small in size which makes it easily portable.

⇒⇒ It has Less cost than a vacuum tube.

⇒⇒ Semiconductor devices require less input power for operation.

⇒⇒ During the operation period, it does not make any noise. So we can see semiconductor devices are noise-free devices.

⇒⇒ Semiconductor materials have a longer lifespan. They have an almost unlimited life.

2. Semiconductor device materials

As per the above, we see silicon. Germanium and Gallium arsenide is the example of semiconductor material. The silicon (Si) is the most widely used semiconductor material. It's having lower raw material cost and relatively simple process. Its useful temperature range makes it currently the best compromise among the various competing materials. Silicon used in semiconductor device manufacturing is presently fabricated into bowls that are large enough in diameter to allow the manufacture of 300 mm (12 in.) wafers.

Germanium ( Ge ) was widely used semiconductor material in past. Recent silicon semiconductor is used in most applications. Thermal sensitivity of germanium is comparatively low than a silicon semiconductor. So silicon is going to first preferred semiconductor.

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is also a semiconductor device which is widely used with high-speed devices. This semiconductor is more expensive than other semiconductors.

3. Which devices are made with semiconductors?

Semiconductors are useful for making extremely small electronics device with which evolution of modern electronics possible. With the semiconductors two terminals, three terminals and four terminal devices are made.

Two terminal devices

Diode – which is made up by two semiconductors. It made with a p-n junction. The diode only passes current through it when it is in forwarding bias. Diodes are used rectifier circuits which converts A.C to D.C.

Gunn diode

IMPATT diode

Laser diode

Zener diode

Schottky diode

PIN diode

Tunnel diode

Light-emitting diode (LED)

Photo transistor

Photocell

Solar cell

Transient-voltage-suppression diode

VCSEL

Three-terminal devices are

Bipolar transistor – Transistor is three terminal device. Base, collector, and emitter. Transistors are used in switching applications and as an amplifier.

Field-effect transistor

Darlington transistor

IGBT

Unijunction transistor

Silicon-controlled rectifier

Thyristor

TRIAC

Four-terminal devices are

Photocoupler (Optocoupler)

Hall effect sensor (magnetic field sensor)

conclusion

here we know all most all applications of the semiconductor in daily life. We list out all applications and uses of semiconductors above, We saw semiconductors are everywhere in our life or industry. Semiconductors devices such as the transistor, MOSFET etc are extremely used form making smaller electrical circuits.